Mining in 2015: Zinc price with zing

What happened in 2014:

Zinc became the darling of the mining world, reaching a near three-year high mid-2014.

The four-letter metal benefitted from falling stockpiles and expected supply cuts due to the scheduled closures of among others Australia's Century and the Lisheen mine in Ireland with a combined output of 600kt.

By September doubts were creeping in and the metal’s stellar run began to look as if it could’ve been too much too soon as mothballed mine restarts were fast-tracked in North America and new capacity were planned everywhere from Sweden to India to Mexico and Peru.  

Zinc will end the year up single digits only, but that’s no mean feat into the teeth of a rampant dollar.

How things will change in 2015:

When stock levels fell below three weeks’ worth in 2006 and 2007 the price shot up to nearly $4,000

Once sky high stocks on the LME and in China will continue to be drawn down – zinc is especially sensitive to stock levels and when it fell below three weeks’ worth in 2006 and 2007 the price shot up to nearly $4,000.

New mines ­– even in China which has added 225kt capacity every year for the last decade – aren’t opening at a fast enough rate to replenish lost output and meet demand growing at 4% per year.

That said, there are plenty of projects out there and expansions like Glencore’s McArthur River will hit its stride at 370,000tpa in 2015. Refined output from South Korea will jump and projects like Zijin’s 200kt Bayannur smelter will make zinc not all that hard to come by.

Price end-2015:

Well up, but $2,400 seems like the ceiling for 2015. 2016 could have more upside.

All bets are off if…

A stockpile shock panics the market.

The Most Important US Events Of 2014, According To Twitter

When it comes to social networks, Instagram is where the world's best food photographers reside, Facebook is where "cool parents" and ad-clicking robots can be found, while Twitter is where the up to the minute super-informed, sophisticated intelligentsia hides. At least according to Twitter. So what did said sophisticated audience find to be the most important and talked about American events of the year? The following infographic from Echelon Insights gives the answer:

The top 10 US stories of 2014 were:

1. Ferguson
2. Midterms
3. Ebola
4. Israel
5. Iraq
6. Russia/Ukraine
7. Sterling/Clippers
8. Guns
9. Obamacare
10. Marijuana

What is more interesting is that the top 2 most talked items were defined as such by Liberal Activists, where the topic dearest to Conseratives' hearts, Guns, was only 8th in the combined ranking.

Which begs the question: while the media may or may not have a liberal bias, it does appear that the main talking points in at least media distribution outlet are set by those a liberal bent. Maybe simply because they have far more time to retweet and engage in meaningless Internet debate?

Meaningless internet speculation aside, here is how 2014 progressed through the eyes of Twitter users.

Gold Held In NY Fed Vault Drops To Lowest In 21st Century After Biggest Monthly Withdrawal Since 2001

Exactly one month ago we observed that, as expected in the aftermath of the Netherlands' shocking and still not fully-explained gold repatriation from the NY Fed, the amount of foreign earmarked gold on deposit with the Fed had just experienced a 42 ton withdrawal: the single largest outflow of gold held at the NY Fed in over a decade, going back all the way to 2001. This had brought the total amount of YTD gold withdrawals from the NY Fed to a whopping 119 tons: the most since the Lehman collapse.

However, because this total was insufficient to cover just the Dutch repatriation of gold from the NY Fed (which amounted to 122 tons), we knew there would be more activity when the November data hit. Sure enough, earlier today the Fed reported the total amount of earmarked gold (or gold "held in foreign and international accounts and valued at $42.22 per fine troy ounce; not included in the gold stock of the United States") for the month of November: at $8.184 billion, this was a $60 million drop from the previous month (or it would be at the $42.22/ounce "price"; at market prices the value of the withdrawn gold is about $1.7 billion).

In actual tonnage terms, this means that in November some 47.1 tons of gold were withdrawn from the NY Fed, bringing the Fed's total earmarked gold to just 6,029 tonnes: the biggest single monthly outflow going back to the turn of the century. This is also the lowest amount of gold held at the NY Fed vault located at 33 Liberty street (and just across from the even bigger vault located at 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza) in the 21st century.

But even more notable is that with the November data, we now know that all of the Dutch repatriated gold is fully accounted for.

Which brings up a far more important question: net of the Netherlands withdrawals, there is some 44 tons of extra gold that has been also quietly redeemed (by another entity). The question is who: is it now the turn of Austria to reveal in a few weeks that it too, secretly, withdrew some 40+ tons of gold from "safe keeping" in the US? Or was it Belgium? Or did the Dutch simply decide to haul back some more. Or did Germany finally get over its "logistical complications" which prevented it from transporting more than just a laughable 5 tons in 2013? And most importantly, did Germany finally grow a pair and decide not to let "diplomatic difficulties" stand between it and its gold?

We should have the official answer shortly, but we know one thing: it sure wasn't Ukraine.

Source:zerohedge

What Are Major Factors to Affect Copper Prices in 2015?

Copper prices posted sharp declines in 2015, with Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) copper falling by 12.92% as of December 26, and copper London Metal Exchange (LME) down by 14.58%. What will be the main factors to affect 2015’s copper prices?

Growing Copper Supply
Most of Chinese futures analysts interviewed by SMM still consider market fundamentals the key factor to impact copper price trends in 2015.

“The oversupply pressure in copper concentrate market will pass on to refined copper market with copper smelters expanding capacity, so we expect a more than 4% increase in copper supply in 2015,” analyst from BOC International Futures told SMM, “while copper consumption growth is expected at only 3.3%.”

Analyst from Minmetals Futures agreed and noted that global copper supply will grow faster than 2014 next year, and the increase in demand will slow down, boding ill for copper price outlook.

Monetary Policies
“On the macroeconomic front, monetary policies in the US and China will garner much attention,” said an analyst from the CIFCO. “Although the timing of the Fed’s first interest rate since QE was not decided yet, market prediction is for the Fed to raise interest rate in mid-2015, and the rate hike is bound to bolster the US dollar index, affecting commodity market,” the analyst added.

“China’s central bank may employ relatively loose monetary policies and pro-growth measures to help with its housing market which experienced a downturn in 2015,” analyst from Jinrui Futures told SMM. The analyst considers it a positive factor for copper market.

Crude Oil
“Copper prices have been largely hit by slumping crude oil prices in late 2014 and any rebound in copper in 2015 will be subject to a bottom-out in crude oil,” said an analyst from Dayou Futures.

China’s Copper Stockpiling
“We expect a 370,000-tonne surplus in global copper market in 2015, but China’s potential copper stockpiling will help ease the glut,” analyst from Galaxy Futures said in an SMM interview lately. An analyst from BOC International Futures expressed his agreement, explaining that the possible copper purchases by China’s State Reserve Bureau will be a wild card.

Other Uncertainties 
Analysts interviewed by SMM also listed a number of uncertain factors, such as volatile yuan’s spot exchange rate arising from any change in China’s foreign exchange policies, possible strikes at copper mines, and the potential El Nino conditions.

Japan Q1 aluminium talks to drag on as buyers refuse higher premiums

 Quarterly pricing negotiations between Japanese aluminium buyers and global miners are set to continue next month as buyers are refusing to pay higher premiums for January-March shipments, five sources said on Friday.

It is unusual for the two sides not to reach agreement before the beginning of the quarter, but the sources said there remains a gap between producers' offers and buyers' bids.

Japan is Asia's biggest importer of the metal, and the premiums for primary metal shipments that it agrees to pay each quarter over the London Metal Exchange (LME) cash price set the benchmark for the region.

For October-December, Japanese buyers mostly agreed to pay a record premium of $420 per tonne , up 3-5 percent from the previous quarter. This year, Major Japan Port (MJP) premiums have risen 64 percent. 

Earlier this month, three top producers asked Japanese buyers to pay record premiums of $435-$440 per tonne for January-March deliveries, up as much as 4.8 percent from the previous quarter, citing higher U.S. spot premiums triggered by solid demand and smelter shutdowns that have squeezed metal supplies, the sources said.

One producer has lowered its offer to $430 while another one had come down to $425 by Friday, five buyer sources said.

"But we still can't make a compromise as spot premiums are lower here and inventories at Japanese ports have built up as suppliers had brought the metal to Japan amid weak demand elsewhere in Asia," a Tokyo-based source at one end-user said.

Aluminium stocks at three major Japanese ports hit a record high at the end of November on rising imports and softer demand.

"We don't mind continuing negotiations until late January," one buyer source said.

Two other buyer sources, however, said they were getting closer to settling at around $425 while another source at a trading house said he heard some deals had been done at $425.

Most Japanese buyers are expected to take next week off for New Year holiday and return to work on Jan 5.

The quarterly pricing negotiations have been carried out between Japanese buyers and miners including Rio Tinto , BHP Billiton and Alcoa .

Global aluminium premiums are expected to reach record highs by mid-2015 on a supply deficit in the United States and Europe, according to a Reuters survey.

$ 1,200 gold price the new normal ?

After closing 2013 at $1,205 an ounce the price of gold jumped out of the starting gate, rising consistently to reach a high of $1,380 in March.

But the metal failed to consolidate gains during the summer doldrums, falling to a near four-year low November 6 at $1,143.

The recovery from there was swift and gold is heading into the final week of 2014 basically where it started the year.

Gold 2014's highs and lows were 20% or $237 apart, making it the quietest year since 2008. Last year it was 40% or $488 – gold's most volatile 12 months since crazy 1980.

Gold miners' problems are only exacerbated by falling by-product credits

The subdued trading in gold came despite potential market shocks including the slide in oil, the rampant dollar and a variety of geopolitical shocks during 2014.

The gold price is the most sentiment-driven of all commodities, but fundamentals still do matter.

And cost of supply may now be providing that elusive price floor gold bulls have been looking for since 2011's record high above $1,900.

As this chart by metals consultancy GFMS and Thomson Reuters shows towards the $1,100 mark, 60% of the industry would be loss-making on an all-in basis.

Gold miners' problems are only exacerbated say the authors by falling by-product credits, such as silver and copper which are down roughly one third and 10% respectively from the 2013 average.

Average costs in the industry sits around $1,200 and is falling as miners shelve projects, reduce exploration expenditure, defer or cut back on sustaining capital and a strong dollar helps to contain costs outside the US.

While the price may well fall to $1,100 in the year ahead, multiple quarters of prices at these levels would force loss-making miners out of business and reduce supply, helping prices to recover.

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